WSO - April 2023 - 439

Qureshi et al.
439
Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrating the
probability of a cardiovascular event over time in pneumonia
patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARSCoV-2:
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Comparison of risk factors in patients with
pneumonia
There was a significantly higher rate of hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, and hyperlipidemia among pneumonia patients with
SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those without SARSCoV-2
infection (see Table 1). However, the rates of other cardiovascular
risk factors were significantly lower among patients
with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proportion of patients who
had septic shock or chest pain during reference hospitalization
was lower among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The
proportion of patients who had dyspnea or respiratory failure
during reference hospitalization was higher among patients with
SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no different in the proportion
of patients who required intubation/mechanical ventilation
during reference hospitalization between the two groups.
Risk of new onset cardiovascular events in
multivariate analysis
218 days post reference encounter admission; interquartile
range Q1 = 117 days, Q3 = 313 days). Among 10,691
patients with pneumonia but without SARS-CoV-2 infection,
756 (7.1%, 95% CI, 6.6-7.6%) developed new cardiovascular
events (median time interval of 242 days post
reference encounter admission; interquartile range
Q1 = 131 days, Q3 = 343 days). The probability of a new
cardiovascular event over time in pneumonia patients with
and without SARS-CoV-2 infection is presented in Figure
1 (Kaplan-Meier curve). The rate of new cardiovascular
events was lower among patients with SARS-CoV-2
infection and increased in age strata of older age in both
groups (see Figure 2).
The risk of new cardiovascular events in the convalescent
period was not significantly different in pneumonia
patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those
without SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio (HR), 0.90;
95% CI, 0.80-1.02) after adjustment for age, gender, race/
ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia,
nicotine dependence/tobacco use, alcohol use or abuse,
atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, previous acute
MI, previous AIS, previous ICH, previous SAH, and previous
unstable angina; and respiratory failure, dyspnea,
chest pain, septic shock and intubation/ mechanical ventilation
(during reference encounter) (see Table 2). The risk
of a new AIS (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70-1.02) or ischemic
heart disease (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87-1.15) was not
Figure 2. New onset cardiovascular events in the convalescent period according to age groups among pneumonia patients.
SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
International Journal of Stroke, 18(4)

WSO - April 2023

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