Automotive Engineering - December 2023 - 5

SAE STANDARDS NEWS
SAE updates gasoline fuel-injection standards, additions expected
Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee (GFISC) updates three standards and plans
to publish two more.
T
he Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
(GFISC) plays a pivotal role in developing and maintaining
SAE's Standards, Recommended Practices (RP)
and Information Reports (IR) for the mechanical and
electrical components of gasoline fuel-injection systems. Since
a prior update was published in May 2019, the committee has
made significant progress to ensure the relevancy and accuracy
of these standards, with three updated standards published
since 2021 and the expected publication of two more in 2024.
SAE J1537, " Gasoline Low-Pressure Electric Fuel
Pump Characterization "
The demand for high-pressure fuel systems has surged with the
growth of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines, but low-pressure
electric fuel pumps located in the fuel tank still are essential.
This RP required significant rewriting, with the updating
and correction of most of the testing focused on pump durability,
temperature cycling and test-fuel selection and compatibility.
SAE published the updated version of J1537 in May 2021.
SAE J1832, " Low-Pressure Gasoline Fuel Injector "
Minor changes and revisions improved this RP's clarity and
accuracy. Updates included reformatting the physical-test
section, modifying the mechanical shock testing, adding a
flow-versus-voltage figure, updating ASTM references and
setting the number of test pieces at five for most tests. This
revised version was published in February 2023.
SAE J2714, " Gasoline Direct Injection Pumps "
This RP saw major changes, including those regarding corrosion
cycling, temperature cycling, vibration, mechanical shock
and proof pressure testing and relief-pressure activation.
Moderate changes addressed pump noise, internal fluid compatibility,
burst pressure and durability test procedures. The
number of test cycles also was updated for various procedures.
SAE published this version in January 2023.
Image representing the liquid collected
via patternation from a six-plume fuel
injector, as shown in J2715.
Image of an injector's fuel spray
angle, as shown in J2715.
SAE J2713, " Direct Injection Gasoline Fuel
Injector Characterization "
This RP review is focusing on critical aspects of gasoline fuel
injectors, including pressure definitions, noise testing, environmental
testing and standard test conditions. The update
reformats the electrical and physical test sections, and modifies
the mechanical shock test, steam spray test, durabilitytest
fluid temperature and dynamic linear flow range (DLFR).
It also updates ASTM references and sets the number of test
pieces at five for most tests. This RP is expected to undergo
balloting before the end of 2023.
SAE J2715, " Gasoline Fuel Injector Spray
Measurement and Characterization "
This RP revision raises testing and data reporting standards to
align with contemporary industry practices. It introduces recommendations
for using spray patternation with GDI, adapts to current
industry trends and provides improved methodologies with
clearer procedures, detailed spray geometry analysis and simplified
drop sizing through laser diffraction. The significant areas of
focus include spray geometry assessment, understanding liquid
mass distribution and simplified drop-sizing characterization.
This revised RP is expected to undergo balloting in 2024.
Committee chairman Lee Markle emphasized the crucial
Example of a solenoid-activated
fuel injector covered by the J2713
standard.
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
A typical direct injection, highpressure
gasoline fuel pump as
covered by J2714.
role of the GFISC in addressing the challenges of gasoline
fuel-injection standards, which remain vital as the industry
transitions to electrification. The GFISC serves as a valuable
resource and center of expertise for SAE, OEMs and the powertrain
supplier industry. Its impact extends beyond the automotive
industry, and participation in the committee's work is
open to all interested parties.
Thomas B. Glennan, a member of the GFISC, is the author of this
article. He is a retired General Motors fuel systems/powertrain
engineer and technical writer for Technical Writing Solutions LLC. In
2024, Glennan celebrates his 50th anniversary as an SAE member.
December 2023 5
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Automotive Engineering - December 2023

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