IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2014 - 24

With the foregoing discussion and given the global
context, microgrids can be defined as "a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within
clearly defined boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity
xx
designed on the basis of the local consumer's or communities' energy needs and end uses, where the loads
and energy uses are qualified and segregated based
on their reliability requirements
xx
that optimally matches these end uses and locally
available clean environmentally friendly energy
resources without the need for transporting the fuel,
with or without the grid
xx
that may or may not be connected to the centralized grid
xx
that can connect and disconnect from the grid to
enable it to operate in both grid-connected or islandmode (if it is connected to the grid)
xx
that can communicate with the grid using ict and
enable demand response."

Microgrids for Emerging Economies
the traditional use of microgrids in emerging economies
is to provide power to communities, specifically in times
of emergency, and to supplement the main grid in times
of peak usage or grid unavailability. Here, microgrids are
still a norm, with every commercial establishment and
closed residential community opting for backup systems

that are coordinated with the operations of the grid to
ensure reliable access to power the essential services.
microgrid choice in emerging economies depends on
central grid power availability, the energy security needs
of the region, and, at consumer levels, local conditions,
technoeconomic efficiency requirements, power quality, and
reliability requirements in the context of environmentally
sustainable development. the growth perspectives are
toward expanding reach of power into off-grid areas, managing growth of existing systems, and transforming growth of
the new regions. the main drivers are highlighted in figure 1.

Taxonomy of Microgrids for Emerging Economies
microgrids are the power systems configuration providing
clear economic and environmental benefits compared to
expansion of legacy modern power systems. the taxonomy of the types of microgrids suitable for emerging markets are:
1) Energy independence model: focuses on independence
from the centralized grid typically in areas that are
remote or off the grid.
2) Resource-based model: the emphasis is to maximize
usage of locally available resources such as solar,
microhydel, wind, and other naturally available energy
resources.
3) End-use-focused model: considers the energy end uses
of communities, such as illumination, cooking, and

Microgrid Drivers for Emerging Economies

Stakeholder
Needs

Local Conditions

Consumer

Utility

Government
(Society)

Grid Availability

Energy Security

Techno-Economic
Efficiency

Energy Security

Resource
Availability

Power Quality and
Reliabilty

Better Reliability

Local Employment
Generation

Technology
Availability

Cost

More "Smartness"
(Lower AT&C Losses)

Governance

Participation in
Decision Making

Better Control
Operations and
Management

Specific Energy
End-Use Needs

Access to Modern
Energy
Cleaner Greener
Solutions
Long-Term
Sustainability

Figure 1. The microgrid drivers for emerging economies.

24

I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / MARCH 2014



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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
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