Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook - 2021 - 199

TABLE 2-29. ALTERNATIVE IPM & BIOINSECTICIDE RECOMMENDATIONS IN VEGETABLE CROPS (cont'd)
NOTE: Many organic insecticides have not been tested thoroughly in the commercial vegetable production systems. Use systems-based and pest
exclusion practices to reduce the overall infestation levels before using approved insecticides in organic farming systems. Targeted insecticide
applications at correct rate can protect natural enemies. Always read the insecticide label before application and purchase bioinsecticides from
reliable sources.
Target Pest
Leaffooted bug
Leafhopper
Leafminer
Onion maggot, seed
corn maggot
Pepper weevil
Cropping
System
Fruiting
vegetables
(tomato, okra,
eggplant)
Systems-based Practices
(for pest prevention)
Trap cropping with Peredovik sunflower
& NK300 sorghum provides significant
reduction. Plant extra rows of trap crop in
drought year. Plant okra away from other
susceptible crops.
Multiple crops Use varieties tolerant to the insect feeding
Multiple crops
Multiple crops
Pepper
Select vigorous hybrid plant varieties
Use well-composted manure, soil tillage
exposes maggots to natural enemies, field
preparation ahead of planting
Crop rotation
Mechanical tactics
(for pest prevention)
High tunnel pest exclusion system for
commercial producers^
Row cover or pest exclusion system
(Super Light Insect Barrier, AgroFabric).
Pick and destroy mined leaves
Soil tillage may expose maggots to
predators
Hand-pick insects, Insect netting for small
areas
Biorational Insecticides#
Pyrethrins for targeting nymphs (adults
are difficult to control)
Insecticidal soap, Pyrethrins, Neem
Neem, Spinosad
Spinosad-based insecticides (Seduce,
Bug-N-Sluggo) may help reduce maggot
buildup
Insecticidal soap, Neem, Pyrethrins, Parasitic
nematodes (drench in soil weekly)
Spider mite
Multiple crops
Plant and harvest timely; provide irrigation
to plants; problem could be severe in
drought years; release predatory mites
-
Paraffinic oil, Neem oil, Sulfur dust or
spray (check label before use), Chenopodium
Terpene Extract (Requiem), Isaria
fumosoroseus (PFR97), Soluble silica
(Sil-Matrix). Many oil blends are available
in the market; use with caution to avoid
crop burn in hot dry weather.
Do not use pyrethrins to protect beneficial
mites.
Squash vine borer
(SVB), Pickleworms
(PW)
Squash bug
Stink bug & Harlequin
bug
Thrips
Pumpkin,
squash
Pumpkin,
squash
Multiple crops
Multiple crops
Plant & harvest cucurbit crops timely, trap
cropping with Hubbard squash (Baby Blue
and New England) may reduce SVB but
not PW, sanitation or removing crop debris
reduces build-up of pests
Trap cropping with Hubbard squash; planting
tolerant varieties, sanitation (remove
crop debris)
Trap crop of sorghum, okra for stinkbugs.
Plant okra away from other susceptible
crops.
Timely planting, avoid planting ornamental
close to vegetable crops, use blue sticky
cards for monitoring and trap out in small
areas
Whitefly
Multiple crops
Crop rotation, avoid planting ornamental
close to vegetable crops, problem
intensifies in drought; release parasitoids
in greenhouses
Yellowmargined leaf
beetle (YMLB)
Brassica crops
Turnips and Napa Cabbage are defoliated
rapidly compared to other brassicas. Trap
cropping with turnips and insecticidal
treatment can reduce build up. Note the
occurrence of caterpillar infestations
distinct from YMLB. Remove crop debris
after harvest to prevent pest buildup.
Deworming vines in home garden, Temporary
pest exclusion system with Super
Light Insect Barrier may help reduce early
infestation, High tunnel pest exclusion
system with 50% shade cloth can significantly
reduce moth numbers
Insect netting for gardens*, High tunnel
pest exclusion system for commercial
producers can slow down pest migration^
Insect netting for gardens*, High tunnel
pest exclusion system for commercial
producers^
Thrips exclusion netting material is available
for greenhouse producers
Thrips exclusion netting may also reduce
whiteflies
Bt-based insecticides, Pyrethrins and
Spinosad may provide limited control;
perform repeated spraying (every 3 d) on
fruits with Bt-based products to stop small
PW caterpillars
Pyrethrins and Spinosad may provide
control of nymphs better than the adults
on trap crops or main crop
Pyrethrins, Spinosad (target nymphs after
scouting)
Spinosad, Insecticidal soap, Paraffinic oil,
Chenopodium Terpene Extract (Requiem)
Metarhizium anisopliae, Insecticidal soap,
Neem oil, Beauveria bassiana, Chenopodium
Terpene Extract (products work well
for nymphs, adults are difficult to kill in
outbreak conditions)
Insect netting (temporary exclusion methods)
for blocking migratory adults*, soil
tillage may reduce eggs in soil,
Spinosad, Chromobacterium (Grandevo),
Pyrethrins (use in rotation with frequent
foliar applications), Azera (premix) for preventing
YMLB outbreaks. If caterpillars are
of primary concern, then use Bt first and
then rotate to other bioinsecticides.
Snails & Slugs
Brassica crops
Frequent rainfall and high organic matter
in soil increases snails & slugs. Do not
over-irrigate. Soil tillage may destroy eggs.
Remove crop debris to reduce buildup.
-
Iron phosphate (e.g., Sluggo by Monterey,
OMRI-certified; Bonide Slug Magic for
Gardens), Volatile oil blend (Monterey All
Natural Snail & Slug Spray), Diatomaceous
earth with amorphous silica
(PermaGuard Crawling Insect Control),
Bait premix of iron phosphate and spinosad
(Bug-N-Sluggo by Certis, Monterey
Sluggo Plus), Sulfur (Bug-Geta by Ortho),
Metaldehyde (Southern Ag Snail & Slug
Bait, Deadline Mini-Pellets), Nemaslug
(endoparasitic nematode formulation)
^ High tunnel pest exclusion (permanent system) using 50 percent woven shade cloth on side- and end-walls can exclude large moths and reduce caterpillar pressure.
Details at http://www.southernsare.org/News-and-Media/SSARE-Bulletins/High-Tunnel-Pest-Exclusion-System-HTPE.
# Organic insecticides are currently available as single active ingredient (AI) or in the form of premixes, such as Azera (neem + pyrethrins), Leap (BT + methyl salicylate),
and BotaniGard Maxx (pyrethrins + Beauveria bassiana).
* Relatively low-cost, temporary insect netting products include the Super-Light Insect Barrier (GardensAlive.com), AgroFabric Pro 19 (SevenSpingsFarm.com) or other
lightweight exclusion material are suitable for early season pest prevention.
2021 Vegetable Crop Handbook for Southeastern United States
199
INSECT CONTROL
http://www.southernsare.org/News-and-Media/SSARE-Bulletins/High-Tunnel-Pest-Exclusion-System-HTPE http://www.GardensAlive.com http://www.SevenSpingsFarm.com
Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook - 2021

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