IEEE Electrification - June 2021 - 40

circuit in this figure is based on hard switching primarily
developed using GaN semiconductors. The bottom circuit
is an LCL resonant converter, which is usually based on
SiC. In general, dc/dc converters show a peak efficiency
greater than 98%. The actual inverter efficiency (alone) is
around 98%. For the grid connection, a simple H-bridge
topology is used in both examples depicted in Figure 9.
More efficient topologies, such as those used in solar converters
(Kouro et al., 2015), could be adapted in the near
future, but unlike the case with solar inverters, the important
efficiency target in the design would be the energy
coming from the grid toward the EV batteries.
For North America, where residential split-power
systems (240/120 V) are deployed, inverters with a transformerless
configuration have been proposed by Ginart et al.
(2016) to avoid bulky low-frequency transformers. The isolation
required by EV chargers' standards can be achieved
using HF dc/dc converters in their hard-switching topology
or any of the modalities of HF resonant dc/dc converters.
Figure 10 shows an example of a transformerless and isolated
split configuration for a bidirectional EV charger.
A Scenario of Integration in Stages
The residential dc fast charger is the natural and efficient
integrator of solar production, battery storage systems,
EVs, and the ac power system. It will play a central role in
the future, enabling residential integration with the dc
network. The following steps describe possible scenarios
in the evolution of the role the dc charger can play in the
residential dc grid system, as shown in Figure 11.
Hard Switching
High
Frequency
V
~
dc/dc
Soft Switching
dc/dc
V
High
Frequency
Figure 9. An isolated dc/dc converter with an ac connection.
400 Vdc
240 Vac
120 Vac
120 Vac
dc/dc
dc
~
dc
dc/ac
Figure 10. An isolated dc/dc converter with an ac split connection.
40
IEEE Electrification Magazine / JUNE 2021

IEEE Electrification - June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - June 2021

Contents
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IEEE Electrification - June 2021 - Contents
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