Doll News - 94

This grouping shows a just a small sampling of the dolls produced
by the Albert Schoenhut Company who began making wooden dolls
in 1911. The large girl is 22-inches tall. The doll in the back with the
checkered play suit is 17-inches and is model 110 and was produced
between 19212 and 1923. Also seen are some of the wooden carved
figures from the Schoenhut Circus including an 8-inch clown and
Ringmaster. Seated next to the smiling Schickel-Fritz is a man from the
Pinn Family, who was designed by Emily Myers Schoenhut. The Pinn
Family was produced after the Great Depression.
Some of the first commercial dolls in
America were made by Joel Ellis. In 1873
Joel Ellis, who founded the Co-operative
Manufacturing Company in Springfield,
Vermont, filed a patent for a wood doll made
of rock maple and constructed with mortise
and tenon joints and pewter or iron hands and
feet. The heads were made of blocks of wood
taken from the end of the grain and rounded.
The body and limbs were turned on a lathe
and the head was fastened to the body with a
dowel. Each block was put into a steel mold
and shaped under hydraulic pressure to form
the heads. The dolls came in 12, 15 and
18-inch sizes.
There was only one style of head and body
available for the first dolls. They are very
unique with their construction that allowed
for a wide range of motion. The dolls were
only manufactured for one year due to the
depression of 1873. They originally sold for
about 75 cents, making them an expensive toy
for the time period. Dolls by Mason & Taylor,
of similar construction, were produced in the
1880s with composition-over-wood heads.
In Russian, early matryoshka nesting dolls
date back to the 1890s though the concept
of dolls fitting inside each other probably
originated in China.
94
SUMMER 2021
This close-up of a Schoenhut girl (left) shows the damage to the
painted surface that frequently happens to these dolls. They were very
sturdy and often used in schools but the finish was not as sturdy as
the construction.
Schickel-Fritz, produced around 1911, has his original finish and
shows one of the great character type dolls that Schoenhut produced.
All wooden German dolls with finely jointed bodies were
made from about 1900 to 1925 for the French market. These
Bébé Tout Bois dolls were produced by Rudolf Schneider.
Albert Schoenhut, a German immigrant, was awarded a
patent in 1911 for an all-wood doll with metal spring joints,
the " All Wood Perfection Art Doll. " This flexible jointing
system allowed for more movement but was rigid enough for
the doll to be posed without falling over.
With the opportunity to travel becoming available in
the early 1900s, souvenir dolls were often purchased as
remembrances or colorful gifts. Many countries that had been
producing wooden dolls continued to do so or began a new
industry. Wooden dolls from Egypt, Russia, Poland, Bulgaria,
Japan and many other countries were also easy to stow away
in luggage.
In the 1930s and 1940s wooden souvenir dolls were made
for The House of the Seven Gables in Salem, Massachusetts.
They were carved by PK Shillaber. An article with additional
information on these dolls is in the Winter 2015 issue of
DOLL NEWS.

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