Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-3 - 50

performance (e.g., sensitivity and resolution). We presented
several antenna-integrated sensor topologies that exhibit good
sensing performance by providing strong isolation between
the sensing element and the radiating aperture. The geometry
of propagative structures can be optimized only if the dielectric
properties of the used sensing materials are well-known.
Unfortunately, the permittivity measurement of nanomaterials
such as CNTs and graphene at microwave frequencies
is difficult; thus, a proper optimization of such devices using
EM simulation is largely infeasible. Furthermore, for wearable
devices, microwave gas sensors should fulfill stringent
requirements in terms of electromagnetic emissions and biocompatibility
of the employed sensor materials.
The world is moving towards connected devices, and the
concept of " Internet of Things " is now a reality. A large number
of wireless devices are connected together today. With the
emerging Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communications, this
number is expected to reach 50 billion by 2030. In such a timeframe,
smart gas sensors that accomplish the requirements of
low cost, low-power consumption and wireless connectivity
could assist in the technological growth of a new generation
of gas sensors that can be successfully used in various applications,
including environmental monitoring, personal wearable
health and fitness monitors, occupational hazard sensors, national
security, and so on.
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IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
May 2022
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