Khenkina et al. 297 Figure 3. Harvest plot: MRI reclassification potential in patients with ESUS. Each black bar is annotated with a number depicting relevant patients' demographic characteristics and the percentage of patients in each study reclassified by MRI as compared with conventional imaging modalities in the diagnostic workup of ESUS. The reclassification potential of MRI techniques along with the characteristics of patients with ESUS is summarized in Figure 3. Discussion Identification of the embolic source remains a major challenge in the management and secondary prevention of stroke patients. ESUS diagnostic domain represents a large and heterogeneous group of stroke patients for whom a definitive embolic source cannot be identified after the standardized diagnostic workup. We reviewed the literature to assess the role of MRI in identification of embolic sources in ESUS, with a focus on atrial cardiomyopathy, LV embolic sources, and supracardiac atherosclerosis. Atrial cardiomyopathy represents a potential contributor to the pool of ESUS etiologies easily overlooked by conventional workup. Atrial cardiomyopathy encompasses structural, contractile, and electrophysiological abnormalities of the atria, which can develop before AF onset and promote AF through structural and functional atrial remodeling. In turn, long-standing AF induces further atrial fibrosis in a self-sustained bidirectional process with an increased risk of systemic thromboembolism with or without detectable arrhythmia.47 CMR contributes valuable complementary imaging findings to the International Journal of Stroke, 19(3)