Fig. 3. Three columns are for i. cello, ii. trombone, and iii. clarinet, showing: (a) Waveform; (b) Power spectra (c) 3-D power spectra; and (d) Spectrogram. and trombone have similar power spectra (Fig. 3b), even though the strength of each harmonic component follows a different temporal trajectory (Fig. 3c). The spectrogram (Fig. 3d) captures some aspects of this change, although they are not as clear as in the 3D visualization of each component in Fig. 3c. Although the cello and trombone are rarely confused when listening, visualizations using power spectra are difficult to differentiate. This illustrates problems with the overuse of simplified sound visualizations-which are common in both in introductory textbooks as well as auditory research approaches in top journals [24]. We believe the challenge in visually representing the importance of sounds' temporal complexity has led to an underappreciation of its crucial October 2021 role in auditory perception amongst the designers of auditory interfaces (see [25] for a discussion that advocates for more realistic sounds in auditory experiments). Consequently, greater awareness of our ability to detect and use temporal changes in acoustic structure can lead to useful new developments in a potentially valuable way to improve auditory interfaces in a range of technical devices. Although visualizations such as the spectrogram (Fig. 3d) do indicate where energy is most concentrated across a sound's spectrum, as can be seen comparing the spectrogram of the cello and trombone with the 3-D Power Spectra, and the characteristic changes in energy are difficult to pinpoint when looking at the heatmap of the spectrogram. Greater emphasis on visualizing the vast complexity in the temporal structure IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 7