IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - 19

Vdd
Vout
+1 V
0.2 V
0.4 V
0.6 V
0.8 V
1 V
Vin
-1 V
-0.8 V
-0.6 V
-0.4 V
-0.2 V
0 V
-1 V
-1.5 V -1 V -0.5 V 0 V
Vin
0.5 V
1 V
1.5 V
FIGURE 3: The Brokaw wiggler and its output. This circuit generates an output that is a periodic function of its input. Only the circuitry for
two periods is shown.
as the output which, for various reasons,
does not suit our beleaguered
grad student. Our hero's foreheadslapping
epiphany is to use emitter
followers instead.
The basic concept is shown in Figure
5 (a). A collection of NPNs reside
along the distributed resistor, which
contacts each of the base terminals.
The transistors are divided into
two spatially interleaved groups
of emitter followers. Each group is
connected in " wired-or " fashion, so
the transistor with the highest base
voltage within each group pulls up
the output node and turns off the
other transistors in the group. (This
is exactly what happens when you
overdrive a differential pair, but
in this case you have more than
two transistors.)
As a differential voltage is applied
to the ends of the distributed resistor,
the location of the voltage parabola
peak moves along its length.
Whichever transistor is closest to
the peak then sets the output voltage
for its group. Because the transistors
are connected to alternating
output nodes, the differential output
voltage has an alternating, periodic
waveform. [See Figure 5(b).] This is
exactly the kind of wiggle behavior
that is needed for each of the bitslice
ADC outputs.
Inte-great!
While the circuit in Figure 5 (a) might
be an amusing curiosity,
it has
some serious drawbacks (which
will become obvious later). What
makes it attractive in the spring of
1981 is the way in which the pieces
can be merged. The single common
collector node means that all of the
vertical NPNs can sit in the same
collector well. That alone is a huge
savings. Even better, the distributed
current source can be made as
a lateral PNP, which also sits in the
same well! Figure 6 shows a cross
section of how the device might be
constructed. Notice that the distributed
resistor is both the base for the
I
i(x)
x
-L/2
+ Vi/2
-
x = 0
L/2
-Vi/2
+
-
FIGURE 4: At the heart of the ADC: a long resistor with distributed current source bias.
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE
SUMMER 2022
19
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022

Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - Contents
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - 2
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IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Solid-States Circuits Magazine - Summer 2022 - Cover4
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