OnFitness Magazine - May/June 2016 - 31
3 1 W W W. O N F I T N E S S M A G . C O M | V O L 1 6 N O 6 | 2 0 1 6
Healing and
rebuilding
bones
By Dr. Case Adams
BONE INJURIES
can happen all of a
sudden or
gradually. An
example of a
sudden bone
injury is a bone
fracture whereas a
gradual bone
injury is
osteoporosis.
While there are millions of bone
fractures each year due to accidents, there
are also about 9 million bone fractures
worldwide due to osteoporosis. More
than 1 in 3 women over the age of 60 in
developed countries will have a bone
fracture that is attributable to the chronic
disease.
Both of these types of bone injuries
require strategies to rebuild bone strength
and bone density.
And no, density and strength are not
the same. A person may have excellent
bone mineral density as reported by a
bone densitometry scan, but their bones
may still fracture easily. Bone density
used to be the sole measure of bone
strength, but today there is additional
criterion called bone quality.
The prime evidence that revealed this
difference was sodium fluoride, one of
Western medicine's past approaches to
increasing bone mineral density. Clinical
studies found that while sodium fluoride
successfully raised bone mineral density,
it also increased the risk of bone fracture.
Bone quality is the measure of how
strong the skeleton is with respect to
avoiding fracture. This is determined by
the rate of turnover of bone cells, the
microarchitecture of the bone, the size of
the bone's mineral crystals, collagen
content, and bone cell nutrition factors
and inflammation markers.
Calcium
When most people think about bone
nutrition, they think about calcium. Yet
the truth is that our bones aren't pillars of
calcium, or even calcium plus vitamin D,
as some believe. Bones are made of cells
that are constantly being replaced and
circulated through the bone tissues with
amazing speed.
About 10% of the cells in our bones
are replaced within a year. Within 10
years we'll have a new set of bones, as
every bone cell will have been replaced.
The anatomy of bone turnover
Bone cells are made up primarily of
osteoclasts and osteoblasts, moderated by
proteins called bone morphogenetic
proteins.
In general, osteoblasts provide bone
formation while osteoclasts break down
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OnFitness Magazine - May/June 2016
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of OnFitness Magazine - May/June 2016
Contents
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