IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 25

to enhance campus safety, the smart street lighting
infrastructure can be connected to various iot devices and
public data sources (e.g., traffic and weather), which opens
new avenues for innovative applications in smart cities. at
iit, an emergency response application that links the
street lights with the on-campus 911 emergency contacts
is under development, as well as a mobile application for
generating the safest walking path on campus according
to the street lights that are equipped with pedestriancounting video sensors. additionally, controlled street
lights at iit can be used to guide the residents to evacuate the campus effectively and expeditiously in emergency situations.

Holistic Planning and Operation
of Smart City Infrastructures
as city operations aggregate various flows of resources
and services corresponding to professional, social, and
cultural activities of local citizens, the underlying smart
city infrastructures would also maintain citizens' conveniences and lifestyles. accordingly, the flows should be
managed strategically for improving the overall efficiency,
sustainability, reliability, and resilience of smart city operations. the holistic planning and operation scheme presented in this section will optimize the flows of resources
in a globally optimal way, resulting in a multitude of benefits (e.g., more effective use of underutilized resources and
a balance between the use of built and natural environments) that will be reaped by the development of smart
cities. accordingly, holistic planning and operation processes in smart cities will merit various aspects of
enhancing urban infrastructures.

Interoperability of Infrastructures in a Smart City
historically, urban infrastructures have been planned
independently and operated individually, leading to

Figure 16. A comparison of the lighting conditions.

domain-specific silos that lack flexibility and interoperability in providing services to citizens. For example,
electricity, transportation, and waste management
infrastructures are currently managed separately by different city authorities without any mutual communications. however, infrastructure services become
increasingly interdependent and tightly coupled as electric trucks are further introduced in the transportation
infrastructure and used for waste management in smart
cities. when electric trucks are utilized for waste collection, the overall collection efficiency depends on routing
decisions that increasingly depend on traffic volumes
and locations of charging stations. an integration
scheme for orchestrating the planning and operation of
various urban infrastructures is therefore critical since
the optimal operations of smart city infrastructures tend
to be progressively intertwined and interdependent. City
infrastructures will otherwise be inefficient and more
costly if they are not planned or operated in tandem
with maintaining a greater socioeconomic sustainability.
the holistic planning and operation scheme for
smart cities highlights the need for interoperability among

Group Controls

900-MHz
Mesh
Network

Access
Point

Cellular Data
Network

Silver Spring
Radio and
Control Node

Silver Spring Network's
Cloud Based Control Server

Remote Control
and Data Collection

Individual
Controls

Figure 17. A configuration of a smart streetlight.

IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / j u n e 201 8

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018