© fotosearch Forewarned Is Forearmed An Automated System for Remedial Action Schemes By Ziwen Yao, Veera Raju Vinnakota, Qing Zhu, Charles Nichols, Greg Dwernychuk, and Tito Inga-Rojas Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2014.2301552 Date of publication: 17 April 2014 may/june 2014 T The inTegriTy of large-scale inTerconnecTed power grids may break down under system disturbances. The postdisturbance system may even turn out to cause a major blackout. To mitigate the undesired impacts of system disturbances, special protection systems (sPss), also known as remedial action schemes (rass), are widely used in modern power grids to safeguard their integrity. as defined in north american electric reliability corporation (nerc) planning standards, an ras scheme is "an automatic protection system designed to detect abnormal or predetermined system conditions and take corrective actions other than and/or in addition to the isolation of faulted components 1540-7977/14/$31.00©2014IEEE ieee power & energy magazine 77